*SUDARSHAN LAKE JUNAGADH GUJARAT

-->>The Junagarh inscription gives the information about the Sudharshan lake that the lake was an artificial reservoir, was built by the Mauryan emperors for checking floods. Around 150 AD, the lake was repaired by the Shaka ruler Rudradaman I. And, it was again repaired under the Skandgupta’s reign (415 AD- 455AD) by his govemor Parnadatta.

* BADSHAH NO HAJIRO MANEKCHOWK AHMEDABAD.

-->>The mosque has the tomb of Ahmed Shah I, the founder of Ahmedabad in centre. It was completed by his son Muhhamad Shah (1442 to 1451) in 1414, and who is buried to his left. His grandson Qut ud-Din Shah (1451–1458) is buried to his right. The tombs of his other grandsons Jalal Khan and Sultan Ahmad II are also there. The tomb of Ahmed Shah's brother is outside of the main chamber. On Ahmed Shah's tomb flowers and 'chadars' are still offered.

*HATHISINGH JAIN TEMPLE AHMEDABAD.

-->>The construction of the temple was initiated originally planned by Shet Hathisinh Kesarisinh, a wealthy Ahmedabad trader who died at 49. The construction was supervised and completed by his wife Shethani Harkunvar. The total cost was approximately Rs. 8 lakh. then a major sum. The temple is dedicated to Dharmanatha, the fifteenth Jain Tirthankar.

Lockwood de Forest who was a business associate of Muggenbhai Hutheesing, the son of Sheth Hathisinh, estimated the cost as "over a million dollars".

The temple was built during a severe famine in Gujarat. Building the temple employed hundreds of skilled artisans which supported them for a period of two years.

The temple is managed by a Hutheesing family trust.

* DADA HARIR STEPWELL ASARWA AHMEDABAD.

-->>The stepwell was built in 1485 by Dhai Harir, a household lady of Mahmud Begada.She was the superintendent of the royal harem.

Dhai Harir built a mosque and a tomb in which she was buried. The well bears two inscriptions, one in Sanskrit on the south, and one in Arabic on the north wall, of the first gallery.

The Arabic writing reads:

This holy and wholesome water; the splendid travellers' rest-house enclosed on four sides by carved and painted walls, and a grove of fruit trees with their fruit, a well, and a pool of water for the use of man and heist, were built in the reign of the Sultan of the Sultans of the age, established by the grace of God and of the faith, Abul Fath Mahmud Shah, son of Muhammad Shah, son of Ahmed Shah, son of Muhammad Shah, son of Muzaffar Shah the Sultan, may God keep his kingdom. Dated the metropolis of the kingdom the 2nd of Jamadi-ul-awwal in the 26th year of the reign.

A Sanskrit inscription says that the step-well was built in 1500 AD. It was during the reign of Mahmud Shah that Bai Harir Sultani, locally known as Dhai Harir, built the step-well. The name later corrupted into Dada Hari. It costed 3,29,000 Mahmudis (₹ 3 lakh) at that time. The ornate step-well has spiral staircases pieced into the sidewall of the well shaft and descending to the different platform levels.

*ADALAJ STEPWELL(VAV) AHMEDBAD.

-->>Adalaj Stepwell (Gujarati: અડાલજની વાવ, Hindi: अडालज बावड़ी or Hindi: अडालज बावली, Marathi: अडालज बारव) is a stunning example of Indo-Islam fusion architecture work. It was built by Muslim ruler King Mehmud Begada for the Hindu queen Rani Roopba. It is a unique 'water storage building' in the village of Adalaj, close to Ahmedabad town in Gandhinagar district in the Indian state ofGujarat. The stepwell was built in 1499 by Muslim king Mohammed Begda for Queen Rani Roopba, wife of Veer Singh, the Vaghelachieftain. The step well or 'Vav', as it is called in Gujarati, is intricately carved and is five stories deep. Such step wells were once integral to the semi-arid regions of Gujarat, as they provided water for drinking, washing and bathing. These wells were also venues for colourful festivals and sacred rituals.

Stepwells, also called stepped ponds, built between the 5th and 19th centuries, are common in Western India; over 120 such wells are reported in the semi-arid region of Gujarat alone, of which the well at Adalaj is one of the most popular. Stepwells are also found in more arid regions of the subcontinent, extending into Pakistan, to collect rain water during seasonal monsoons. While many such structures are utilitarian in construction, they sometimes include significant architectural embellishments, as in the Adalaj stepwell, which attracts a large number of tourists. In the past, these stepwells were frequented by travellers and caravans as stopovers along trade routes.

*SIDI BASIR MOSQUE (JULTA MINARA) AHMEDABAD.

-->>Sidi Bashir Mosque was located in the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Due to its unique construction, the minarates of mosque are also called Jhulta Minar or Shaking Minarets.

It is believed that the mosque was constructed by Sidi Bashir, a slave of Sultan Ahmed Shah. A conflicting story is that the mosque was built by Malik Sarang, a noble in the court of Muhammed Begada, another Sultan of Gujarat. The mosque was completed in 1452.Only the minarets and arched central gateway remain; the body of the building was destroyed in 1753 during the war between the Marathas and Khan of Gujarat Sultanate.

On the north side, as the train enters the station, are the two tallest minarets in Ahmedabad. All traces of their mosque and the memory of its name and date are gone. The style and material of the minarets point to the close of Mahmud Begada's reign (1511), or perhaps rather later. Though much damaged, especially near the foot, the stairs inside the minarets may still be used.An Englishman made an attempt to demolish one of the minarets of the mosque, but all in vain. He did so to unravel the mystery behind the swaying of minarets. The mechanism that leads to vibration is still a mystery. An interesting thing about Jhulta Minar is that, it can even withstand the pressure of fast moving trains that pass from a distance not lying very far from the minaret.This minar was built layer by layer that is why it can resist that much shaking without collapsing. Its around 600 years old.

*******બિનસચિવાલય પરીક્ષા  અભ્યાસક્રમ અને બૂક્સ .*****

-->>ગુજરાત નો ઇતિહાસ અને સંસ્કૃતિ ------25 ગુણ 

                 ----બૂક્સ ---નવનીત ગેનેરલ કનોવલેજ ,ગુજરાત પરિચય, આપણું  ગુજરાત નવનીત

-->>ગુજરાતી વ્યાકરણ --------25 ગુણ 

            -----બૂક્સ ---અક્ષર પુબ્લીકેશન ગુજરાતી વ્યાકરણ,વોર્લ્ડ ઇનબોક્સ ગુજરાતી વ્યાકરણ

-->>અંગ્રેજી વ્યાકરણ --------25 ગુણ 

         ------બૂક્સ ---રેડિ રેકનોર 10માં ,12માં ની 

-->>ભારત અને ગુજરાત ના વર્તમાન બનાવો, સામાCય વિજ્ઞાન , એપ્ટિટ્યૂડ ક્યુએન્ટીટટીવે -----50 ગુણ 

        -----બૂક્સ ---વોર્લ્ડ ઇનબોક્સ કર્રેન્ટ  અફેર્સ , લિબેરટી કર્રેન્ટ અફેર્સ 

-->>કોમ્પ્યૂટરના ઉપયોગની પાયાની જાણકારયી ના સદંભમાં                   કોમ્પ્યૂટર થીયરી . એપેનડિક્સ-G------25 ગુણ 

         ----બૂક્સ ---અક્ષર પુબ્લીકેશન કોમ્પ્યુટર,વોર્લ્ડ ઇનબોક્સ કોમ્પ્યુટર 

-->>જાહેર વહીવટ ----25 ગુણ  

         -----બૂક્સ ----અક્ષર પુબ્લીકેશન જાહેર વહીવટ બૂક 

***આટલું વાંચવું એ સંભવિત રીતે તમને પરીક્ષા પાસ કરવા માટે ઘણું ઘણું મદ્દદ રૂપ થશે પણ ધાયન પૂર્વકનું અને લગની થી કરેલું વાંચન જરૂર જરૂર થી તમને પાસ કરાવશે એવી સારી મજબૂત આશા સાથે શુભેછા। .......................

*************************BEST OF LUCK GOD BLESS YOU ALL********************

* SHARKHEJ ROZA AHMEDABAD.

--->>>Sarkhej Roza is a mosque and tomb complex located in the village of Makarba, 7 km south-west of Ahmedabad in Gujaratstate, India. The complex is known as "Acropolis of Ahmedabad", due to 20th century architect Le Corbusier's famous comparison of this mosque's design to the Acropolis of Athens.

Although there are many rozas across Gujarat, the Sarkhej Roza is the most revered. Sarkhej was once a prominent centre of Sufi culture in the country, where influential Sufi saint Shaikh Ahmed Ganj Baksh lived. It was on the saint's suggestion that Sultan Ahmed Shah set up his capital on the banks of the Sabarmati, a few miles away from Sarkhej.

The architecture of the complex is credited to Azam and Muazzam Khan; two Persian brothers who are buried in the tomb near Vasna, Ahmedabad. The complex was originally spread over 72 acres, surrounded by elaborate gardens on all sides. Over time, human settlements came around it, eating into the gardens and reducing the area to 34 acres.

Shaikh Ahmed Khattu Ganj Bakhsh of Anhilwad Patan, the friend and adviser of Ahmed Shah I, retired to Sarkhej in his later life and died here in 1445. In his honour a tomb, begun in 1445 by Muhammad Shah II, was, in 1451, finished by his son Qutbuddin Ahmed Shah II. The next SultanMahmud Begada was fond of the place and expanded the complex greatly. He dug a large Sarkhej lake, surrounded it with cut stone steps, built on its south-west corner a splendid palace, and finally, opposite to the Ganj Baksh's tomb, raised a mausoleum for himself and his family, where he, his son Muzaffar II and his queen Rajbai are buried.

Entering the covered eastern gateway on the north bank of the Sarkhej lake, the building to the right with a handsome stone pavilion in front of it, is the mausoleum of Shaikh Ahmed Khattu Ganj Bakhsh. This, the largest of its kind in Gujarat, has along its whole length its sides filled with stone trellis work, and inside, round the tomb, has a beautifully cut open metal screen. Across the courtyard on the left are two mausoleums with a connecting porch, the east mausoleum containing the tombs of Mahmud Begada, and of his son Saltan Muzaffar ll, and the west, the tomb of Rajbai, Muzaffar's queen. Beyond the Ganj Bakhsh mausoleum is a courtyard, covering more than an acre of ground, surrounded by cloisters, with a mosque only slightly smaller than the Jama mosque. The want of minarets and the shallowness of its caves rather mar the outside effect. But inside 'it is the perfection of simple grace unrivalled in India except by the Moti mosque at Agra.' Looking across the lake the ruined buildings at the south-west corner are Mahmud Begada's palace and harem. The Sarkhej lake covers 17 acres. Oblong in shape, it is surrounded by flights of stone steps, and has a most richly decorated supply sluice.

Besides the chief group of remains, the country round is studded with mosques and other old buildings. A little to the south of the lake is a small ugly whitewashed tomb, the burial place of Baba A1i Sher, a saint held in higher respect even than Ganj Bakhsh. Close by are the remains of Mirza Khan Khanan's (1583-1590) Fatehvadi or victory garden, laid out in 1584 to mark his defeat of Muzaffar III, the last of the Gujarat Sultanate. In the 17th century Sarkhej was so famous for its indigo that in 1620 the Dutch established a factory in the village.

* BHADRA FORT LALDARWAJA AHMEDABAD.

--->>>Bhadra Fort is situated in the walled city area of Ahmedabad, India. It was built by Ahmad Shah I in 1411. With its well carved royal palaces, mosques, gates and open spaces, it was renovated in 2014 by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) andArchaeological Survey of India (ASI) as a cultural centre for the city.

Ahmedabad was named after Ahmad Shah I of the Muzaffarid dynasty who captured Karnavati in 1411. He establishedAhmedabad as the new capital of Gujarat Sultanate and built Bhadra Fort on the east bank of the Sabarmati river. It was also known as Arak Fort as described in Mirat-i-Ahmadi. The foundation stone of fort was laid down at Manek Burj in 1411. Square in form, enclosing an area of about forty-three acres, and containing 162 houses, the Bhadra fort had eight gates, three large, two in the east and one in the south-west corner; three middle-sized, two in the north and one in the south; and two small, in the west. The area within the fort had become occupied by urban developments by 1525. So a second fortification was built later by Mahmud Begada, the grandson of Ahmed Shah, with an outer wall 10 km (6.2 mi) in circumference and consisting of 12 gates, 189 bastions and over 6,000 battlements as described in Mirat-i-Ahmadi.Almost 60 governors ruled Gujarat during the Mughal period including the future Mughal emperors Jahangir, Shah Jahan andAurangzeb. A seraglio was built later in the 17th century by a Mughal governor, Azam Khan, known as Azam Khan Sarai. It was used as a Musafir khana (a resting place for travellers) during Mughal rule.

Sarsenapati Umabaisaheb Khanderao Dabhade became the only female Commander-in-Chief in the history of the Marathas in 1732. She commanded the Maratha Army and fought a war near Ahmedabad at Bhadra Fort defeating Mughal Sardar Joravar Khan Babi.

Joint rule by Peshwa and Gaekwad of the Maratha Empire brought an end to the Mughal era in 1583. During the First Anglo–Maratha War (1775–1782), General Thomas Wyndham Goddard with 6,000 troops stormed Bhadra Fort and captured Ahmedabad on February 15, 1779. There was a garrison of 6,000 Arab and Sindhi infantry and 2,000 horses. Losses in the fight totalled 108, including two Britons. After the war, the fort was later handed back to Marathas under the Treaty of Salbai.

Ahmedabad was conquered by the British in 1817. The fort complex was used as a jail during the British Raj.

Azam Khan sarai currently houses the government offices, an ASI office, a post office and the city's civil courts. It is also used for flag hoisting on Independence Day and Republic Day.

* KAKARIA LAKE AHMEDABAD.

--->>>Kankaria Lake is the second biggest lake in Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat, India. It is located in the southern part of the city, in the Maninagar area. A lakefront has been developed around it, which has many public attractions such as a zoo, toy train, kids city, tethered balloon ride, water rides, water park, food stalls, and entertainment facilities. The lakefront was revamped in 2008. Kankaria Carnival is a week-long festival held here in the last week of December. Many cultural, art, and social activities are organised during the carnival.

Kankaria Lake was built by Sultan Qutbuddin in the 15th century. The work was completed in 1451 CE and was known as "Qutb Hauz" or "Hauz-i-Qutb". It was used for bathing by the kings. It had a water purification system but it has been lost with the time. At one point of the circular lake, there opens a walkway which later merges into a garden called Nagina Wadi (which means beautiful garden in Urdu) that is located in the centre of the lake. With an approximate circumference of 3 miles (4.8 km), it represents the regale history of Ahmedabad. It is a 34-sided polygon having steps which leading down to water level.

Kamla Nehru Zoological Park was established by Rueben David in 1951 CE spread over 21 acres. It was rated the best zoo in Asia in 1974.They are 450 mammals, 2,000 birds, 140 reptiles in a 31-acre zoo. It is a treasure of wild animals like tigers, lions, python, anaconda, snakes, elephant, albinos (white), like the rhesus monkey, spotted deer, white blackbuck, chinkara, elephants, emu, jungle babbler, bush-quail and common palm civet. Kankaria Zoo has also records in breeding of rare species in Zoo like pythons, crocodiles, bearcats and wild asses. Reuben David was awarded Padma Shri in 1974 for it.