*SUDARSHAN LAKE JUNAGADH GUJARAT

-->>The Junagarh inscription gives the information about the Sudharshan lake that the lake was an artificial reservoir, was built by the Mauryan emperors for checking floods. Around 150 AD, the lake was repaired by the Shaka ruler Rudradaman I. And, it was again repaired under the Skandgupta’s reign (415 AD- 455AD) by his govemor Parnadatta.

* BADSHAH NO HAJIRO MANEKCHOWK AHMEDABAD.

-->>The mosque has the tomb of Ahmed Shah I, the founder of Ahmedabad in centre. It was completed by his son Muhhamad Shah (1442 to 1451) in 1414, and who is buried to his left. His grandson Qut ud-Din Shah (1451–1458) is buried to his right. The tombs of his other grandsons Jalal Khan and Sultan Ahmad II are also there. The tomb of Ahmed Shah's brother is outside of the main chamber. On Ahmed Shah's tomb flowers and 'chadars' are still offered.

*HATHISINGH JAIN TEMPLE AHMEDABAD.

-->>The construction of the temple was initiated originally planned by Shet Hathisinh Kesarisinh, a wealthy Ahmedabad trader who died at 49. The construction was supervised and completed by his wife Shethani Harkunvar. The total cost was approximately Rs. 8 lakh. then a major sum. The temple is dedicated to Dharmanatha, the fifteenth Jain Tirthankar.

Lockwood de Forest who was a business associate of Muggenbhai Hutheesing, the son of Sheth Hathisinh, estimated the cost as "over a million dollars".

The temple was built during a severe famine in Gujarat. Building the temple employed hundreds of skilled artisans which supported them for a period of two years.

The temple is managed by a Hutheesing family trust.

* DADA HARIR STEPWELL ASARWA AHMEDABAD.

-->>The stepwell was built in 1485 by Dhai Harir, a household lady of Mahmud Begada.She was the superintendent of the royal harem.

Dhai Harir built a mosque and a tomb in which she was buried. The well bears two inscriptions, one in Sanskrit on the south, and one in Arabic on the north wall, of the first gallery.

The Arabic writing reads:

This holy and wholesome water; the splendid travellers' rest-house enclosed on four sides by carved and painted walls, and a grove of fruit trees with their fruit, a well, and a pool of water for the use of man and heist, were built in the reign of the Sultan of the Sultans of the age, established by the grace of God and of the faith, Abul Fath Mahmud Shah, son of Muhammad Shah, son of Ahmed Shah, son of Muhammad Shah, son of Muzaffar Shah the Sultan, may God keep his kingdom. Dated the metropolis of the kingdom the 2nd of Jamadi-ul-awwal in the 26th year of the reign.

A Sanskrit inscription says that the step-well was built in 1500 AD. It was during the reign of Mahmud Shah that Bai Harir Sultani, locally known as Dhai Harir, built the step-well. The name later corrupted into Dada Hari. It costed 3,29,000 Mahmudis (₹ 3 lakh) at that time. The ornate step-well has spiral staircases pieced into the sidewall of the well shaft and descending to the different platform levels.

*ADALAJ STEPWELL(VAV) AHMEDBAD.

-->>Adalaj Stepwell (Gujarati: અડાલજની વાવ, Hindi: अडालज बावड़ी or Hindi: अडालज बावली, Marathi: अडालज बारव) is a stunning example of Indo-Islam fusion architecture work. It was built by Muslim ruler King Mehmud Begada for the Hindu queen Rani Roopba. It is a unique 'water storage building' in the village of Adalaj, close to Ahmedabad town in Gandhinagar district in the Indian state ofGujarat. The stepwell was built in 1499 by Muslim king Mohammed Begda for Queen Rani Roopba, wife of Veer Singh, the Vaghelachieftain. The step well or 'Vav', as it is called in Gujarati, is intricately carved and is five stories deep. Such step wells were once integral to the semi-arid regions of Gujarat, as they provided water for drinking, washing and bathing. These wells were also venues for colourful festivals and sacred rituals.

Stepwells, also called stepped ponds, built between the 5th and 19th centuries, are common in Western India; over 120 such wells are reported in the semi-arid region of Gujarat alone, of which the well at Adalaj is one of the most popular. Stepwells are also found in more arid regions of the subcontinent, extending into Pakistan, to collect rain water during seasonal monsoons. While many such structures are utilitarian in construction, they sometimes include significant architectural embellishments, as in the Adalaj stepwell, which attracts a large number of tourists. In the past, these stepwells were frequented by travellers and caravans as stopovers along trade routes.

*SIDI BASIR MOSQUE (JULTA MINARA) AHMEDABAD.

-->>Sidi Bashir Mosque was located in the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Due to its unique construction, the minarates of mosque are also called Jhulta Minar or Shaking Minarets.

It is believed that the mosque was constructed by Sidi Bashir, a slave of Sultan Ahmed Shah. A conflicting story is that the mosque was built by Malik Sarang, a noble in the court of Muhammed Begada, another Sultan of Gujarat. The mosque was completed in 1452.Only the minarets and arched central gateway remain; the body of the building was destroyed in 1753 during the war between the Marathas and Khan of Gujarat Sultanate.

On the north side, as the train enters the station, are the two tallest minarets in Ahmedabad. All traces of their mosque and the memory of its name and date are gone. The style and material of the minarets point to the close of Mahmud Begada's reign (1511), or perhaps rather later. Though much damaged, especially near the foot, the stairs inside the minarets may still be used.An Englishman made an attempt to demolish one of the minarets of the mosque, but all in vain. He did so to unravel the mystery behind the swaying of minarets. The mechanism that leads to vibration is still a mystery. An interesting thing about Jhulta Minar is that, it can even withstand the pressure of fast moving trains that pass from a distance not lying very far from the minaret.This minar was built layer by layer that is why it can resist that much shaking without collapsing. Its around 600 years old.

*******બિનસચિવાલય પરીક્ષા  અભ્યાસક્રમ અને બૂક્સ .*****

-->>ગુજરાત નો ઇતિહાસ અને સંસ્કૃતિ ------25 ગુણ 

                 ----બૂક્સ ---નવનીત ગેનેરલ કનોવલેજ ,ગુજરાત પરિચય, આપણું  ગુજરાત નવનીત

-->>ગુજરાતી વ્યાકરણ --------25 ગુણ 

            -----બૂક્સ ---અક્ષર પુબ્લીકેશન ગુજરાતી વ્યાકરણ,વોર્લ્ડ ઇનબોક્સ ગુજરાતી વ્યાકરણ

-->>અંગ્રેજી વ્યાકરણ --------25 ગુણ 

         ------બૂક્સ ---રેડિ રેકનોર 10માં ,12માં ની 

-->>ભારત અને ગુજરાત ના વર્તમાન બનાવો, સામાCય વિજ્ઞાન , એપ્ટિટ્યૂડ ક્યુએન્ટીટટીવે -----50 ગુણ 

        -----બૂક્સ ---વોર્લ્ડ ઇનબોક્સ કર્રેન્ટ  અફેર્સ , લિબેરટી કર્રેન્ટ અફેર્સ 

-->>કોમ્પ્યૂટરના ઉપયોગની પાયાની જાણકારયી ના સદંભમાં                   કોમ્પ્યૂટર થીયરી . એપેનડિક્સ-G------25 ગુણ 

         ----બૂક્સ ---અક્ષર પુબ્લીકેશન કોમ્પ્યુટર,વોર્લ્ડ ઇનબોક્સ કોમ્પ્યુટર 

-->>જાહેર વહીવટ ----25 ગુણ  

         -----બૂક્સ ----અક્ષર પુબ્લીકેશન જાહેર વહીવટ બૂક 

***આટલું વાંચવું એ સંભવિત રીતે તમને પરીક્ષા પાસ કરવા માટે ઘણું ઘણું મદ્દદ રૂપ થશે પણ ધાયન પૂર્વકનું અને લગની થી કરેલું વાંચન જરૂર જરૂર થી તમને પાસ કરાવશે એવી સારી મજબૂત આશા સાથે શુભેછા। .......................

*************************BEST OF LUCK GOD BLESS YOU ALL********************